Analysis of Judges’ Considerations in Imposing Sanctions for Online Fraud: A Study of Positive and Islamic Criminal Law
Keywords:
Online fraud, Criminal law, Tadlis, Digital transaction securityAbstract
This study aims to analyze judicial decisions in online fraud cases and evaluate the effectiveness of regulations used to prosecute cybercrime perpetrators. Using a normative juridical research method, this study focuses on legal analysis of the decision of the West Jakarta District Court Number: 1074/Pid.B/2020/PN.Jkt.Brt and a comparative study between Article 378 of the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP) and Article 28(1) of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE). The results indicate that the application of Article 378 KUHP in online fraud cases has weaknesses, as it does not fully reflect the complexity of digital crimes. In contrast, Article 28(1) of UU ITE is considered more relevant, as it specifically regulates the dissemination of false information that harms consumers. From an Islamic law perspective, online fraud can be categorized as tadlis, which may be subject to ta’zir sanctions at the judge’s discretion. This study also finds that victim protection remains suboptimal, necessitating regulatory improvements and increased digital literacy among the public. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the need for reform in Indonesia's criminal law system to address online fraud cases by updating legal provisions to be more adaptive to technological developments. With stronger regulations and more effective law enforcement, online fraud cases can be minimized, fostering a safer digital transaction ecosystem for society.
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