Analysis of the Application of Multi-Contract Law in Islamic Crowdfunding: A Case Study in Nagari Gaduik, West Sumatra
Keywords:
Multi-Contract Law, Islamic Crowdfunding, Islamic Fintech, Tabarru’, WakalahAbstract
This study aims to analyze the application of multi-contract (multi akad) law in Islamic crowdfunding practices based on communal cooperation in Nagari Gaduik, Tilatang Kamang District, West Sumatra. The background of this research lies in the rapid development of financial technology (fintech), which has introduced crowdfunding as an alternative mechanism for both social and business financing that, within the Islamic context, must comply with the principles of avoiding riba, gharar, and maysir. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through participatory observation, documentation (including transfer receipts, financial reports, and donor lists), and a review of the relevant literature on multi-contract frameworks and Islamic crowdfunding. The findings reveal that crowdfunding practices in Gaduik reflect the implementation of multi-contract principles through the integration of tabarru’ (voluntary donations) and wakalah (agency), and in certain cases also involve mudharabah (profit-sharing) and qardh hasan (benevolent loans). The application of Sharia principles such as amanah (trust), transparency, musyawarah (consultation), and maslahah (public benefit) is evident in fund management and collective decision-making processes. Donor recording systems and the use of community accounts reinforce accountability, although challenges remain in terms of the absence of formal regulation and independent audit mechanisms. This research confirms that multi-contract law serves as an effective framework to ensure Sharia compliance in community-based crowdfunding practices while also highlighting the potential integration of local traditions with modern fintech innovations. The study further implies the need for strengthened regulation, contract formalization, and Sharia supervision to support the wider and sustainable development of multi-contract-based crowdfunding models.
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